A 12-week clinical study demonstrated that a topical vitamin C complex with 7% tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate significantly improved wrinkles and sun induced hyperpigmentation. Biopsy analysis confirmed increased type I collagen formation with no evidence of irritation or inflammation.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effects of topical bakuchiol applied twice daily on photoaged skin. Mechanistically, bakuchiol modulates retinoic acid receptor–associated genes and upregulates enzymes involved in collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis, mimicking retinoid activity. Clinically, bakuchiol treatment produced statistically significant improvements in wrinkles, pigmentation, and collagen content, supporting its role as a well-tolerated, retinol-like alternative for anti-aging skin care.

Topical Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been shown to positively influence age-related cellular metabolism, targeting signs of aging at the cellular level. In vivo studies demonstrate that CoQ10 rapidly enhances mitochondrial function in human skin, supporting its use for improving skin vitality and mitigating visible aging.

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‑7 (Pal‑Gly‑Gln‑Pro‑Arg) and palmitoyl tripeptide‑1 (Pal‑Gly‑His‑Lys) exert complementary anti-aging effects on the skin. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‑7 reduces interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) secretion in keratinocytes and mitigates UVB-induced inflammatory responses, targeting cellular senescence pathways. Palmitoyl tripeptide‑1 functions as a signal peptide, stimulating stromal cells to synthesize key extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycans, and fibronectin, thereby supporting skin structural integrity and resilience.